Charter Change in the Philippines

Summarize the article — Before summarizing the article:CHACHA needed for inclusive growth. I would like you to know that some sentences below are taken from the article. Thus, I do not account any ownership on some other lines. The article is about Charter change (CHA-CHA) must be pushed in the Philippines. It sites that our Constitution, is not welcoming foreign investors to our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources.The good news is, letting foreign investors to invest only in our stock market, not in actual capital goods and fixed investments. Moreover, our president compared our country to China who can afford to be restrictive of land ownership. This proves that we can also have a growing rate. However, the government of China is more efficient than ours in implementing infrastructure projects. On the other hand, changing our constitution can be very simple, according to Feliciano Belmo nte, â€Å"What the legislators can do is to append the phrase â€Å"except when otherwise provided by law† to all the restrictive economic provisions.†Though, it sounded simple, As the critics say, any unlimited ability to buy land could enable the rich Arabs or the Chinese to buy all the 7,100 islands of the Archipelago. Also, Bernardo M. Villegas suggest that the new Foreign Investments Act should allow a 49 percent foreign ownership also to assure the preservation of certain national values that could be endangered in the hands of foreigners who may espouse such counter values as abortion, divorce and gay marriages.All in all, the massive entry of foreign investors – regulated by the Foreign Investments Act – can do much to make all the sectors of the Philippine economy more competitive, with the resulting benefits to consumers in the form of lower prices, higher quality of goods or services and greater productivity from the technology that foreigners will bring with them. Explain why you agree or disagree. Discuss your reaction — At first, I disagree to Charter change or also known as CHA-CHA. We all might be interested to inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.But let us try look to on the other side. Like, what are the possible consequences we may face? We all know that allowing CHACHA means letting foreigners/outsiders to take advantage on us. Allowing them to buy and be part of our mass media and advertising, public utilities, educational institutions, land ownership, and exploitation of natural resources. In short, we are giving them a chance to rule over our country. However, I tried to read more about CHA-CHA. As I have been reading, I realized that I am over thinking of national security.And so, I started to agree with CHA-CHA. Basically right from the start, we are allowing ourselves to be part of CHA-CHA. The question is how? According to the website I have read at â€Å"Technology and globalization have also rendered those Constitutional prohibitions meaningless. In the age of the Internet, satellite television and social media, Filipinos are consuming their media content from sources all over. We can listen to a radio, watch movies, and read newspapers without even going through a â€Å"Filipino-controlled† media outfit.Moreover, people can even attend lectures and get a degree from a foreign university online. Therefore, these Constitutional prohibitions are such anachronisms and must be removed. † This affected me very much, I realized that CHA-CHA is not so bad at all. With this, we can modernize our political and economic institutions. All in all, I agree and disagree at the same time. Why is there a need for charter change? – After reading articles on the internet, I have understood that: Charter change (CHA-CHA) will improve and revise our constitution.It is to reform some law and Article. I am not saying that some Article is wrong, bu t what I’m trying to say is that our constitution will be better if Charter change (CHA-CHA) will be pushed. Moreover, here are some laws and Article that needs to be pushed/made: (1) in our 1987 Constitution, there is no Anti-Trust law that prohibits monopoly and encourages competition between businesses. (2) Article XII: Protectionism, which makes the Philippines most restrictive in foreign investment. (3) Federalization, this will spread the economic wealth throughout the country.The reason why the Manila is very congested, is because of the unhealthy spread economic wealth, this is because there aren’t much jobs offered in some regions and so most country men are forced to migrate in Manila which is becoming more congested. And those are the three laws and Article that I want to push through. Furthermore, I believe that with Charter change (CHA-CHA ) our country will improve its education, infrastructures, public utilities, and exploitation of natural resources. Wi th these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP.And so I believe that we need to push through Charter change (CHA-CHA ). How can such change jumpstart the economy? Charter change will be very helpful to improve our economy. Charter change (CHA-CHA ) attracts foreign investors, with these we will be able to increase our inclusive growth, increase investment in infrastructure and GDP. But the question is how? Like I said before, CHA-CHA will increase our foreign investors. These foreign investors will create businesses here that will need workers. And those workers will be us. Other than an increase in our investment it will also be a job opportunity for every Filipino.If there are job oppurtunities in our country, then it means that there will be a decrease of OFW. The 100-percent ownership requirement for media companies, including similar restrictions on the advertising industry, easily come to mind. Such prohibitions deny ou r media companies the chance to get foreign capital they need to be world class. I recall that those restrictions were imposed out of fear that our people will be subjected to unwanted foreign media influence. Well, in the age of satellite communications and cable television, that objective will not be met anyway.They just beam their programs to us from Hong Kong and Singapore, with both benefiting from their investments. We are simply a market that outflows dollar payments to them. The 60/40 limitation on ownership of public utility companies is another outdated mandate. Given the enormity of investments needed in these types of companies that are impossible to raise in this country, a properly regulated 100-percent foreign ownership should be beneficial to our consumers. Indeed, it is the only way to provide effective competition to home-grown monopolies.I also have no problems with liberalized citizenship rules. We are now a nation in diaspora, pretty much like the Jews. We are s cattered all over the world not because we want to, but because we have to earn a li-ving somehow. A piece of paper does not define who a Filipino is. The sense of being Filipino is in the heart. Since overseas Pinoys also have economic clout, they could play a key role in raising needed capital for our economic development. Jews in America enjoy dual citizenship and they contribute greatly to Israel’s economy.Why not similarly tap our Fil-Am brothers and sisters and all Pinoys elsewhere by allowing them dual citizenship? They are real Pinoys by blood and sentiment. On the form of government, I am ready to try a real parliamentary system. The semi-parliamentary experiment of Mr. Marcos does not count since the government system then was essentially dictatorial. I initially thought we need a Senate for the sense of statesmanship needed to temper our legislature. But electing a statesman to the Senate has become difficult these days. We have showbiz personalities being elected more out of popularity than ability.And with the cost of getting elected nationally now out of hand, the Senate as a concept no longer works. Let’s have a unicameral body that will at least save us time and money. A parliament working under the leadership of a Prime Minister will have full responsibility for running the government and passing the needed legislative measures. Hopefully, there will be no more buck passing. Failure is failure and the Prime Minister and his government must take full responsibility. A good Prime Minister can serve beyond the six-year presidential term.A bad one can be thrown out into the streets in a month without having to do another People Power event on EDSA. We can still elect a basically symbolic President who is the head of state. This will allow the masa to still directly vote for Fernando Poe Jr. or even Dolphy and do little damage to the functioning of government. With the President’s function limited to such ceremonies as acceptin g the credentials of ambassadors and hosting visiting dignitaries in state dinners, even a charming moron who has the minimum ability to read a ghost written speech can be President.That way, the country need not worry about an Erap disaster, i. e. , bestowing enormous responsibility on a total incompetent, happening again. A constituent assembly composed of the present members of Congress should do just fine. I don’t believe a specially elected constitutional assembly would be better or any different. We will only spend good money to elect the relatives and friends of the current members of Congress simply because that’s the power structure nationwide. Besides, a constitutional convention will likely prolong its job and will want to rewrite the entire Constitution.The last thing we need is another deliberative body and endless debates. Talk, contrary to popular belief, is not cheap. We only need a few key amendments. We only have to give the constituent assembly a nar row mandate in the joint resolution to amend specific provisions and nothing more. Let us also stop this nonsense of accusing GMA or JDV of wanting charter change so they can be Prime ministers. They have both said they are not interested. Even if they are, so what? It is a new ball game and maybe with new rules, they can be more effective. For now, let’s take their word for it so we can move on.I will concede that it would be better if our political parties are ideologically different from each other. But we just have to get started now or we will never get there. Maybe, eventually we can have a real choice of party ideologies. In the meantime, we need the new basic rules and the political stability of not having to worry about another EDSA toppling a president. Even if we have to change Prime Ministers every month in the beginning, that would be less stressful to investors than the EDSA system which involves the armed services in an extremely painful process of leadership c hange.Let us not complicate this charter change business with extraneous baggage. We need some changes just so we can be economically competitive. While none of these changes constitute a cure-all and none is as good as a radical change of attitude in every Filipino’s heart, a few well chosen amendments can give the economy a jump start. We don’t have the luxury of time to debate these vital changes to death. Let’s get moving fast before things really get out of hand as in Joma returning home and not necessarily in hand cuffs.

Civilized or Uncivilized

Civilized or uncivilized Civilization is a limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities. —-Mark Twain In Montaigne's essay on Cannibals, those people living in the uncivilized societies are first referred to as â€Å"noble savages†. However, most Europeans, at that time, believed that the people without â€Å"the benefits of Christianity and civilization† can not be regarded as civilized or advanced. Montaigne holds his ideas and specifically illustrates the reasons of the social norm that uncivilized people seem barbarous are that they have received little molding from the human intelligence and are very close to their original simplicity.Montaigne also criticizes the barbarian actions of â€Å"civilized† European society such as torturing prisoners. He also branches out topic to valour and believes that true victory lies the prize of valour, not winning itself. Based on the ideas of Montaigne, â€Å"civilized† world is not as perfect as peo ple thought, and motivate readers to rethink what civilization is about. What I learn from that essay is that civilized people may sometimes have extremely uncivilized behaviors, and uncivilized people also have their civilized aspects.For those â€Å"uncivilized† people, in this essay, it is said that two things are the most important of their life which are â€Å"resolution in battle† and â€Å"affection for their wives†. Although their way of life seems limited, they live happily with their way of life. I admit their life are simple, but not uncivilized or barbarian. Their fighting is noble and disinterested because all they want to do is to show their valour which is also what people living in â€Å"civilized† societies want.However, we label them with â€Å"uncivilized† by reference to the laws of reason and social norms created by completely different cultures of us, and keep doing the barbarian behaviors which are not belong to our â€Å"pe rfect† society such as killing the innocent in order to develop new territories. The action of judging another culture â€Å"uncivilized† actually shows the weakness of â€Å"civilized† society. Therefore, the difference between both sides are not civilized or not, but the different cultures. All those different cultures make this world more colorful. Montaigne uses Plato's words in this essay to differentiate various societies or ations,which I agree with most part of those words. It is said that â€Å"all things are produced by either nature, or by chance, or by art; the greatest and most beautiful by one or other of the first two, the least and most imperfect by the last†. I agree that things are produced because of those three reasons, but I don't think any one is better than another, because everything has its own reason of existing. All the different cultures make up of civilization, therefore, as Mark Twain said, civilization is necessities no matte r they are necessary or not.

Parents: 5 Ways to Help Your Teen Adjust to High School

For many parents, the high school years are a distant memory. Yet if you try, maybe you can remember how it felt to start high school. There were new friendships to be made, an uncertain class schedule, and new teachers to get to know. The teen years were well underway. Maybe you were popular, maybe you were awkward, maybe you were content to be a wallflower. No matter who you were, high school was a period of transition. Even if you can’t remember starting high school, think back to the last time you started a new job. Remember that strange mix of excitement and anxiety paired with the desire to fit right in and hit the ground running? If you’re the parent of a teen about to start high school, maybe now you can appreciate what he or she is going through. It’s no cakewalk, but there are definitely ways you can help. In this post, we’ll outline 5 ways to support your teen as he or she adjusts to high school. Some high schools have a formal orientation day for incoming students. This is sometimes a casual open house, where families are invited to walk through the school. Other times it is a formal event with a rigid schedule. In any case, try to make sure that your student doesn’t miss this important opportunity. Many of the first-day jitters are simply a fear of the unknown. If your student has the chance to walk through his or her class schedule, locate classrooms, note resources like the nurse’s office or bathrooms, and even practice using his or her locker a few times, at least some of these fears can be laid to rest. Keep in mind that these events are not always designed to include parents. If parents are invited, make yourself available, but don’t be surprised if your teen chooses to attend alone. After all, high school is an important milestone in independence and the sooner your teen gets used to doing it on his or her own, the better prepared he or she will be for the first day. At the same time though, make sure that your student knows you’re ready and willing to go if he or she wants you there. Sometimes the comfort of a parent is the just reassurance teens need as they approach this important day. The easiest way to guarantee some kind of social support network as high school begins is to join fall activities. If your teen plays on a sports team, encourage him or her to try out for fall sports. If his or her sport isn’t offered in the fall, suggest that he or she asks around to find out if there’s a group of winter or spring athletes who work out together during the off season. If your teen is into art, theater, community service, or specific academic pursuits, suggest that he or she joins a related school activity. Often times, these clubs or activities can provide ready-made social networks to provide support and positive peer pressure as your teen acclimates to high school. Odds are that if you made it through your teens, at some point in time you made decisions that you now regret. Odds are also that you sometimes found yourself in the midst of other teens making poor choices. The teenage years are often a time of pushing limits, experimenting with newfound independence, and discovering who one truly is. It’s important to remember that your teen’s high school experience will be unique to him or her. While it’s more than okay to discuss your own mistakes, don’t jump to the conclusion that your teen is poised to make the same ones. Instead, face each challenge head on as it arises and try to keep your own mistakes out of it when emotions flare (as they likely will at some point). At the same time, avoid pushing your own interests and strengths on your teen. You may have been the star of the 100 meter hurdle or the lead of four major theatrical productions, but that doesn’t mean that your teen is going to follow in your footsteps. In fact, often the more you push it, the less likely your teen is to prioritize your agenda. Our Early Advising Program helps students in 9th and 10th grade discover their passions and build strong academic and extracurricular profiles to succeed in high school. As high school begins, your teen is likely to experience an increasingly complicated schedule. There will be school assignments in multiple classes to track. Sometimes class schedules rotate on 4 or 6 day cycles. Extracurricular commitments can stack up quickly. Get your teen ahead of the game by establishing an organizational system before the school year starts. For some families, this means a weekly and monthly calendar posted prominently in a common space. For other families it means a shared calendar app or online schedule. Some teens like the option of using a calendar on their phone that includes scheduled notifications to avoid any forgotten deadlines. Find a system that your teen seems comfortable with and implement it before the first day of school. For some more ideas about getting organized, see our post Eight Tips to Use Your Time Efficiently and Stay Organized in High School . As your teen spreads his or her wings, it’s likely that he or she will someday find him or herself in an uncomfortable or even dangerous situation. As parents, we do our best to guide our teens away from these scenarios, but it’s equally as important to provide them with the tools to deal with them when they’re face to face. Part of helping your teen adjust to high school means making a gameplay for the unexpected. What will your teen do when he’s stuck someplace with a driver who’s been drinking? How will your teen respond when he realizes the party he’s arrived at isn’t the kind he wants to be associated with? How can he or she escape without losing face or being judged by peers? A few years back, one dad’s brilliant way of providing his teens with an easy excuse to get out of an uncomfortable situation went viral. His system essentially included an innocuous â€Å"code word† that when texted to him as a single word signaled that his teens needed help. If he received a text with the code word, he or a sibling would call the teen on his or her cell phone and tell him or her that something had come up at home and he or she needed to return immediately. Then, they could arrange a ride together and he could extricate his teen from whatever situation had made him or her feel unsafe or uncomfortable, without peer judgement for having called dad. You can read more about implementing a code word for your teen in the original viral post . Starting high school is an important milestone that’s often fraught with anxiety and fear of the unknown. As parents, we can help to support our teens through this transition by providing them with the tools they’ll need to build confidence, establish meaningful social connections, and make smart decisions along the way.

The European Airlines Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

The European Airlines Industry - Essay Example Thus deregulation led to increased number of passengers. Airlines with long-haul routes continued to earn profits but smaller airlines were unable to reap the benefits. Major airlines were allowed to charge higher prices between the individual EU countries and they also signed up different agreements with the USA for long-haul flights. The European Commission, on behalf of the EU, challenged these agreements as it was against the competition rules of the EU’s Treaty of Rome. A new agreement opened up all major European airports to all carriers. This further enhanced competition as the low-cost airlines started competing in the long-haul flights. In addition, terrorism, health scares and war reshaped the European airline industry (SD, 2004). Landing fees are high at the major airports. Â  More passengers are opting for low-cost airlines, thereby affecting the legacy airlines. Other factors that have affected the number of people traveling is advanced technology in teleconferencing, the downturn in the global economy, increased fuel cost and the events of 9/11. Price became controlled on long-haul routes but the legacy airlines found other means to generate profits. The legacy carriers adopted the hub and spoke strategy where they derive economies of scale through full load over long distances. This is less attractive to the smaller carriers. The smaller carriers offer no-frills, point-to-point simple fare structure but without compromising on safety although passengers are not very happy with the service of the low-cost airlines. Consolidation is also taking place in the industry. No airline has a significant competitive advantage over rivals. The airlines face a competitive threat and keep trying different strategies like entering the budget segment or focusing o n the business segment. Â  Global warming is an important factor that airlines consider in their strategy development.

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MANAGING IN A MIXED ECONOMY - Coursework Example Management in mixed economy in the current context has attained significant importance across the world (Reisman, 2005). Concerning with the factors of a mixed economy, this paper intends to focus on the management of such issues in the light of Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd. Overview of the Network Rail Railtrack was involved in performing various tasks of scheduling, delivering, managing, selling and consulting for rail transportation and operated as a group of companies that was engaged in maintaining all the aspects of the track as well as stations of the old British rail network. However, it was sold to Network Rail and later renamed as Network Rail Infrastructure Ltd. Network Rail was then charged with the responsibility of managing the entire rail infrastructure in Great Britain excluding the London underground service. Network Rail therefore aims at providing a safe, reliable and efficient railway service within the UK. Correspondingly, the organisation is committed towards improving the rail network by offering faster, and frequent as well as reliable journey within the towns and cities of the UK. With its rigorous effort, it aims at integrating people for making the UK more competitive in terms of railroad transportation. It also aims at bringing significant benefits to the national economy. Moreover, its endeavour towards private sector growth and workforce can also be seen with its radical investment in the sector (Network Rail, 2013). It is worth mentioning in this context that the organisation is committed towards introducing new technologies in order to offer greater ease and facilities to its wide-range of customers. The organisation proclaims to follow the best organisational practices of safety management wherein its initiatives have been committed towards promoting righteous attitude and continuous development within the workforce. It further tends to ensure that all the passengers as well as individuals dealing with fright are fairly treat ed when they choose to use railway. Currently, the company operates as a private company performing commercial businesses. It is categorised as company limited by guarantee and is directly accountable to its members being regulated by the Office of Retail Regulation (ORR). Moreover, the company is determined to deliver a safe, reliable and the most efficient railway for Britain. It is worth mentioning that its members are drawn from rail industry and the public. Moreover, it is funded through excess of revenue apart from the monetary assistance rendered by the government grants. Notably, the Scottish Government is a public member of Network Rail (Network Rail, 2013). Seminar Topic 1: Innovation and Service Transformation The notion of co-production is widely being discussed in relation to the public services across the world and in the UK as well when evaluating the innovation and service transformation strategies taken by organisations such as Network Rail in a mixed economy system . It is worth mentioning that co-production processes in a mixed economy have often been argued to be primarily based upon the apparent characteristics of services in both public and private sectors wherein the production and consumption of services are commonly noted as inseparable. In order to attain the broad benefits of the co-production, it is essential that the users of

Who or what influenced you to apply to Syracuse University Personal Statement

Who or what influenced you to apply to Syracuse University - Personal Statement Example It is famous for its entrepreneurial approach and modern education compliant to new theories and last but not the least, for its magnificent structure. I would strive to study in an environment such as this, which facilitates my strengths and pushes me forward in a particular direction. This connection between strength and direction allows one to make discoveries and renovations. I believe I have all the qualities of a student who studies in Syracuse University. I am an ambitious and committed person keen on becoming a persistent intellectual. It is also in my knowledge that this university has a tremendous scholarship program, which gives it a unique historical sense. It offers support services, which shows that it is constantly working towards a healthier campus community. I am looking forward to become a part of this group and work together to make a

The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia Assignment

The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia - Assignment Example The paper "The Abercrombie and Fitch and Burberry Australia" talks about fashion retail marketing. The globalization of modern business has necessitated the use of different modes of retail marketing, with retailers exploiting any available opportunity. Currently, the internet is robust with fashion items being advertised by different companies. It is due to these developments that this paper sought to look at two leading fashion companies that operate retail outlet stores in Australia, Burberry and Abercrombie and Fitch. This paper is generally concerned with how the retail outlets of these two companies have strategized themselves to reach their customers. The fashion industry is a very dynamic industry, due to the many changes that keep taking shape in the business. The uniqueness of this business form other businesses is the fact that the manufacturers of fashion items, inclusive of clothing and other items of fashion is the common ideology of change. Contrary to the traditional perception of the fashion design as a means of fulfilling needs, the modern perception is different, with its intention purpose being lined in conception, production, promotion and the marketing styles in the basis of the customer’s desires. While people’s tastes keep on changing over and over, the manufacturers keep on inventing new fashions with time. With the changes, old fashion items become obsolete and cannot be. Fashion is defined by the key players who are involved in it. The interwoven web of the individuals .who are part of the industry including designers, stores, factory workers, seamstresses, tailors, embroiders of garments, the press for publicity, fashion analysts and critics, the various models involve in showcasing the garments such as fit models and runaway models, textile manufacturers, pattern makers and sketch makers, and most importantly the customers. The changing tastes and customer wants are what determine the fissionability of the fashion indu stry. Customers’ wants change by virtue of their attire, or through the icons’ standards. It is with this knowledge that anybody who considers investing in the fashion industry ought to be ready for the dynamics in the market. Losses are inherent and more probable if a retailer do not understand the exact needs of customers, while keeping an eye on the changing market trends in the fashion designs. This paper looks at the two major fashion retail outlets in Australia, the Abercrombie and Fitch Australia and Burberry. The Abercrombie and Fitch Australia Men and women love fashion, and especially the Abercrombie and Fitch garments. â€Å"Abercrombie and Fitch† (2012) observes that the young and the youth are willing to spend any amount of money just to expand their collection of the Abercrombie and Fitch. Fashion is classified in terms of class, with the high class setting standards and assuming iconic status in the society, and this is exactly what the company do es to its customers. It elevates the customers’

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theory of Justice Analysis Paper - Essay Example One of the more famous views of ethics is primarily about the rights and duties of agents, which take precedent over individual feelings or inclinations, the wishes of the majority, or utilitarian calculations about what would make most people happy. Rights trump the pursuit of goods. There are fundamental principles and duties that restrain self-interest. Ethics explores the theoretical foundations of moral theology. It searches oneself before making a decision and taking action. The various schools and thought and concepts written about ethics provide the appropriate tool to guide a person in his decision making process, particularly in justice and security organizations. According to Souryal (2007), â€Å"the origins of criminal justice ethics can be found in an amalgam of the following sources: (1) natural law; (2) religious testaments; (3) constitutional provisions; (4) professional codes of ethics; and (5) philosophical† (85). The natural law traced its origins from the beginning of mankind encompassing all people, universally applicable and hardly changing. Considered the law of humanity, the natural law incorporates human rights and clearly defines principles that restrict the power of government over the individual’s welfare. Religious testaments indicate the significant role that religion plays in defining ethical issues and moral codes of conduct – but not the only source of principles in ethical issues (Souryal, 2007, 98). Constitutional provisions provide the framework for laws and regulations designed in accordance with ethical standards of right and wrong. As averred by Souryal (2007), â€Å"the Constitution is an oracle that epitomizes the truths of the social contract that unites the citizens and their government and sets the fundamental values of political order† (98). directed toward a common good† (Souryal, 2007, 101). The criminal justice system and other security organizations operate under the governance and jurisdiction of clearly

Writing for business purposes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Writing for business purposes - Essay Example Essentially, a corporate sales brochure is a marketing device that can also serve as a communication strategy in which it helps an organization to sell itself as a brand to its customer base or to their stakeholders within the business. On the other hand, an annual report is a business communication tool that provides a company’s comprehensive report on the activities undertaken in a just concluded financial year. Its target audience includes shareholders and other interested parties where the operations of a company are of concern to them, especially in terms of financial performance and activities undertaken by the company. With this, this essay will analyse the corporate sales brochure of Chelseafc.com and the annual report of Marks and Spencer both as forms of business communication tools. Within the English football league, Chelsea Football Club is a club whose year of founding was 1905 and its operational base is in Fulham in London. Chelsea’s home is Stamford Bridge whose seating capacity is 41, 837 and the club’s owner is Sir Roman Abramovich and managed by Jose Mourinho. As at 2013, the club was number seven in the most valuable team listed in the world with an estimated value of nine hundred and one million dollars, which was an 18% increase from 2012. In analysing its corporate sales brochure mounted on its website, the intention of this is to educate those that seek information from the site with up to date information about the football club through giving product specifications on the online platform. They include promotional information of the ongoing sale of merchandise and also information on the matches the team is to play as the current fixture. Other than this, the online brochure also helps to influence client loyalty in that it provides an online chat avenue in which those accessing the site can give feedback on various issues concerning the club’s performance. Ideally, using such an

Theory Analysis of Critical Theory and Feminist Theory Essay Example for Free

Theory Analysis of Critical Theory and Feminist Theory Essay Critical theory and Feminist theory are both complex in terms of its structure and principles. Critical theory, according to Max Horkheimer in his work titled Traditional and Critical Theory, is a kind social theory oriented toward analyzing the society and in effect and altering society unlike the traditional theory which focuses only in recognizing, elucidating and giving details about it. Horkheimer furthered; â€Å"critical theory must be explanatory, normative and practical at the same time(Bohman, 2005).† That is, one must be aware and be able to identify things that are not in the right flow in a society, must be able to take actions to adjust or modify it. Critical theory being normative as further defined by Sailer must â€Å"be able to carry about alteration in the situations that influence our lives(Seiler).† Critical theory is a philosophical approach that includes feminist theory. Feminist theory seeks to discover the perception of gender. As explained by Sailer, â€Å" Feminist theory assumes that gender is an all-encompassing category for perceiving human experience. The case is that gender is a generally constructed classification of values, identities, and activities. It also emphasizes that sex is biologically determined. It intends to defy the established gender assumptions of society as well as to attain further beneficial ways for women and men to co- exist(Seiler).† The Feminist Theory stress out that the domination of men considerably affects the women. It radically deafens the society about the contribution, roles, and values of the women that leads to the existence of gendered inequities that seems to inundate the cultural way of living. Critical theory recognizes that the ability to understand can lead a change while feminist theory, a philosophical approach of critical theory, sees that the means of thinking of feminine is different from the masculine. Critical Theory(2005). Seiler, R. M. Human Communication in the Critical Theory Tradition. Retrieved November 1, 2006, 2006, from http://www.ucalgary.ca/~rseiler/critical.htm

Marxist Framework of Poverty in the UK

Marxist Framework of Poverty in the UK Poverty is generally understood to mean a condition in which people are deprived in some way, such that they lack the basic requirements for sustaining well-being, and ultimately, life. These basic requirements are understood as such things as food, water, shelter (as may be understood, for example, in a developing country context) or access to education or political power (as might be understood, for example, in the context of a developed nation). Poverty is an absolute within itself, as people are termed to be in poverty, but poverty can also be understood in relative terms, when, for example, poverty of different resources is considered: poverty of education is obviously not as fundamental a level of poverty as poverty of food, for example, as, obviously, without food, a person would die, but a person can manage to live without education, even if this would mean a life of continuing poverty, through lack of opportunity. Poverty can be measured in many different ways, and indeed, there are many indicators of poverty, which are used to assess year-on-year changes in poverty. Obviously, as with definitions of poverty, measurements of poverty are relative, with different measures being used in developed vs. developing nations, for example, or between nations of the developed, or developing, world. In general, one overall measure of poverty which has gained ground in recent years is the income inequality scale, which shows that income inequality has, recently, worldwide, become less of a problem, with the world becoming more equitable in terms of income levels across the world’s nations. This does not belittle the problems of poverty, however, as poverty is still a major issue that the world has yet to deal with in a satisfactory manner. As with the definitions and measurement of poverty, the causes of poverty are many and varied, with environmental and geographical factors creating poverty in many developing countries, and with disease and lack of natural resources also causing poverty in these regions. Indeed, it is difficult to attribute one cause to poverty in any situation, especially poverty in developing countries. In developed nations, however, poverty is perhaps best understood as a product of society’s failure to act to avoid the situation, and, as such, policies are in place to prevent poverty in these situations[1]. It is a moot point, however, amongst politicians, social workers and philanthropists as to how far policies can actually prevent poverty, and, indeed, some people suggest that current policies do not go far enough to act to prevent poverty. The effects of poverty are, again, many and varied, with poverty leading, ultimately, to death, in many developing nations, and with poverty leading to lack of opportunity and social exclusion in developed nations. In developed nations, policies are in place to avoid such poverty, such as subsidised housing, education and health care[2], although these are not always effective, as we have seen, leading to undesirable effects, such as crime (Jones, 2001; Muncie, 2004). It is hypothesised, for example, that in extreme poverty situations, people turn to crime in order to provide basic necessities, and this has been supported by much original research on the subject (see Muncie, 2004). The next section of the paper will look at levels of poverty in the UK, and following this, the paper will then proceed to assess poverty in the UK from a Marxist viewpoint. Poverty in the UK is still at shockingly high levels, with the problem seeming, on the face of it, to be mainly caused by low pay levels; indeed, it is suggested by recent research that in low-income households, both members of the family need to work in order for the family to earn enough to cover basic expenses[3], and that, of these low income families, many are at a disadvantage in terms of receiving health care and the achievement of minimum educational standards. It seems, also, that this trend, rather than decreasing, is actually increasing, with the number of families claiming children’s tax credits increasing year-on-year and the proportion of workers classed as ‘low paid’ increasing year-on-year[4]. It is shocking, therefore, to see that much of the UK, and a large proportion of the children living in the UK, live in poverty. This is despite the fact that policies have been in place for many decades to try to curtail, and avoid altogether, the issue of poverty. As we have seen, however, these policies are often not effective, and can take years to come to fruition, by which time a new generation of infants have grown up in poverty, leading to what is known as ‘the poverty trap’. We have seen, therefore, how successive UK governments have attempted to deal with the issue of poverty: by creating policies to deal with each ‘strand’ of poverty individually, and not attacking the whole problem of poverty as a whole. This leads on to thinking about how Marxists understand poverty, which is essentially in a more holistic, if idealistic, manner. Marxists do not make any distinction between class, poverty and disadvantage; for Marxists, members of any class, they argue, can fall into poverty through unemployment, for example, and that, as such, ‘the poor’ can be best be viewed as part of a continuum from those in society who have a lot of material wealth to those who do not. This definition using the idea of a continuum, however, stands in direct contrast to the situation of class inequality which, obviously, Marxists attempt to fight against by their calls for equality in society, for all. Perhaps the issue of poverty can be best understood in terms of the dependency theory of Marxists: this theory suggest, essentially, that lifting the poor out of poverty is not enough, they need to be given tools to be able to sustain themselves out of poverty. True Marxists would add that this can never be achieved under a capitalist system, as this system is built to achieve successes at the expense of the failure of others; as such, poverty is a consequence of the capitalist system, and something which Marxists fight against, in their search for equality, or, rather, in terms of poverty, in their quest for a situation in which underdevelopment is not an option. Assessing poverty in terms of a purely socio-political approach as we have done, and then within the framework of Marxism as we have also attempted, provides two different frameworks with which to understand the issue of poverty. One framework aims to treat poverty as something that can be solved by implementing policies and by watching those policies take effect, the other attempts to understand poverty as a societal achievement, which can only be solved by changing the very foundations of society. Social workers are some of societies most valuable professionals, who, in concert with families, teachers, and the police can put children, and families, back on track before they reach an irreversible moment in which damage has been done which cannot be corrected. Children are valuable members of society, and it is the responsibility of all society to look after them: perhaps this is what Marx was implying when he talked of societal equality. Children deserve equality of opportunity, in terms of access to basic requirements, and, above these, to health care and education and information provision. Without these basic requirements, without basic care, children live in poverty. It is a travesty that in this day and age there are many children who live in poverty in the UK, but with the approach outlined here applied on a daily basis by social workers, it is hoped that poverty will soon be a thing of the past, at least in the UK. References Best, S. (2005) Understanding Social Divisions, London, Sage Cree, V. E. (2000) Sociology for Social Workers and Probation Officers, London, Routledge. Dominelli, L. (1997) Sociology for Social Work, London, MacMillan Glennerster, H. et al. (2004). One hundred years of poverty and policy. Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Iceland, J. (2003). Poverty in America. A Handbook of the University of California Press. Jones, S. (2001) Criminology, Trowbridge, Cromwell Press Layder, D. (2005) Understanding Social Theory, London, Sage Muncie, J. (2004) Youth and Crime, 2nd edition, London, Sage, Ritzer, G. (2000) Sociological Theory, London, McGraw-Hill 1 Footnotes [1] A recent book by Glennerster et al. (2004) entitled One hundred years of poverty and policy, provides a review of the effects and ramifications of policy on poverty in the UK. [2] Although the nation that sees itself as ‘the most developed’ on Earth, the United States, offers none of these poverty-reducing schemes, and indeed, poverty in the United States is on the increase, and reaches disturbingly high levels. See Iceland (2003) for further details. [3] See the report Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK, 2006 by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation. [4] Again, according to the report Monitoring Poverty and Social Exclusion in the UK, 2006 by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

King Leopolds Ghost Essay -- essays research papers

Book Review of King Leopold's Ghost, by Adam Hochschild   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What some have considered to be the first international scandal of the modern era took place in the Congo from 1890 until 1910. King Leopold II of Belgium was at the head of this so-called scandal. Although Europe and the rest of the world seemed to have forgotten the victims of these crimes, there is a considerable amount of material to use when attempting to recreate the horror that took place in Leopold's Congo. This is exactly what Adam Hochschild is attempting to do by writing this book. By using the written words of mostly Europeans and Americans, which creates a distorted view of history, he wants to show that the Holocaust type event that took place in the Congo is something that should never be forgotten in our history. Hochschild also wants to show the heroism that took place afterwards in what became the first human rights movement of our time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hochschild does an excellent and detailed job of showing how clever and cunning (like a fox) Leopold was in obtaining and maintaining his hold in the Congo. Early on Leopold became obsessed with the idea of colonies and the profit that they could bring to his country. In the beginning he did not attempt to cover-up this ambition, but soon realized he needed to in order to have the approval of those countries around him. The metaphor Hochschild uses to explain Leopold's venture into the Cong...

Lack of Male Intimacy :: Feminism Feminist Women Criticism

The Lack of Male Intimacy As I sit in the auditorium of the school I attend, I listen to the speaker of the day make his fatal mistake. He has done well up until now, relating to us only facts and ideas. Now, he has suffered from a lapse in judgment, and seems to have forgotten his surroundings - an all male audience. He has the audacity to display genuine, vulnerable emotion. I wait for the response I know he will get. The sound fills my ears. The all male audience brings forth a sarcastic and mocking chorus of "awwwwwww." One could not imagine the same event transpiring in an all female group. It is pretty much commonly accepted that men do not show emotion. It is pretty much commonly accepted among men that men should not show emotion. The group in the auditorium had bought into this stereotype. Most of them were probably not accustomed to seeing men display their emotions, and it made them nervous and uncomfortable. So, they reacted with the two most common defenses used when one is uncomfortable in the face of something one does not understand: criticism and humor. In "Locker Room Talk," Stephen Dunn notes that the danger of a man having sex is the possibility of "admitting he felt something...". So, Dunn believes that many males see the display of emotions as something along the same lines as an admission of guilt. Something they would try to avoid in most situations. I agree. I think it is pretty clear that men, as a rule, have trouble sharing their emotions. So, the real questions are, "why do m en have this problem," and "can things change, and how?" While there are probably a few reasons for this condition, and the answer cannot be given with absolute certainty, I think the answer can be found by looking back through time. This abstinence from intimacy is probably as old as the family structure. When humans began to settle down as families, responsibilities were assigned in the way that the family could survive the most efficiently. The children would have to be taken care of, and food would have to be provided. It made sense for one person to handle one of the two major tasks. It was logical for the mother to attend to the children, because she had carried each of them for nine months, and was required to breastfeed them.

MIC :: essays research papers fc

MIC   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Products and machines made of steel have long been considered to be solid, strong, and very durable. The effects of general corrosion, â€Å"rust†, were considered to be the only factor limiting a steel product’s ability to last forever. It is thought that the general corrosion of steel is recognizable and its effects are easily limited by the application of various coatings and paints. Only in more recent years have the destructive effects of Microbiological Influenced Corrosion, â€Å"MIC† been discovered. Today MIC, whether it is on the bottom of a barge, in a water pipe, or in a nuclear power plant’s cooling tower, has evolved into a billion dollar problem. To cure this problem, I have created a device that cleans MIC out of the bilges of barges operated on the Mississippi River system. The bilges or confined void spaces have never been able to be cleaned due to the extremely tight or inaccessible area in which you would have to work. I found that most barges have a coating on the steel which provides a food source that the MIC bacteria absorbs (eats) and the bacteria’s resulting acid actually can penetrate the steel barge. Businesses that clean these barges to rid them of the MIC and the organic coating can charge as much as $10,000 to do just the ends of the barges, which is an area less than a tenth of the entire barge. The inner bottom void spaces which take up the remainder of the barge’s area are only 15† high, 27† wide, and 28’ long. Some barges have as many as 90 of these confined spaces, and none of them have been cleaned because their limited size makes them inaccessible. With the completion of my product it will be the first time the inner bottom void spaces of a barge can be cleaned. This will mean the MIC and its food source, the organic coating; will be completely removed from the barge for the first time since its original construction at the ship yard. For many years, MIC was incorrectly identified as the corrosive effects of saltwater on steel in ocean going vessels. Although salt certainly does have a corrosive effect on steel, it was not until more recent years that the term MIC was originated, and its effects are only starting to be discovered. MIC is responsible for the accelerated corrosion in ocean going ships, water storage tanks, fire protection sprinkler systems, commercial and military aircraft, and most recently discovered affecting the inland river barge fleet.

Citizen Kane

Discuss the ways in which Citizen Kane challenged the traditional narrative and technical elements of classic Hollywood cinema. Give specific examples using appropriate cinematic terminology. Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed, co-written, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. This was Welles’s first feature film. With this film, Welles introduced many new filmmaking innovations. Some of the innovations were in cinematography, storytelling techniques, and special effects, lighting and framing of a scene.One of the greatest movies of all time was Orson Welles's Citizen Kane. Almost all of the movies of the time were told chronologically and had a beginning, middle, and an end. Citizen Kane was the first movie to tell the audience the end of the movie in the beginning. The movie was mostly told in flashbacks. Unlike traditional Hollywood, Citizen Kane combines non-linear and composite storytelling from multiple points of view, including the famous opening news reels, interviews, and flashbacks, to present the main character (Kstrykers Blog).Traditional Hollywood has very static mise-en-scene with actors and objects mostly in the center of the frame and never out of focus. Objects, characters and props were usually evenly distributed throughout the scene. The lighting was usually three point and split the scene into foreground and background. An innovative technical aspect of Citizen Kane is the unprecedented use of deep focus (Ogle, P. 1985). In nearly every scene in the film, the foreground, background and everything in between are all in sharp focus.Another unorthodox method used in the film was the way low-angle cameras were used to display a point of view facing upwards, showing the ceilings in the background (Toland, G. ). Since movies were primarily filmed on sound stages with the Hollywood studio system, it was impossible to film at an angle that showed ceilings because they shot on stages (Kstryker). Mise-en-scene is used to †Å"signify the director's control over what appears in the film frame† doing this by using elements as settings, lighting, costume, and the movement and actions of figures appearing within the film (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004).One example of this is the scene where he finds out that he lost the race for governor. He is supposed to be a powerful individual and with the camera angle being so low, it made him looked huge on screen. Because of the angle of the camera, the shot has a lot of depth. In my opinion, the most significant and powerful mise-en-scene within Citizen Kane is when the parents are in the house having a conversation with Thatcher, the banker. As the conversation is happening, we see a young boy playing in the snow, through a window.I feel this scene symbolizes the innocence that is being taken from him. He is never depicted this way again in the film. This is when a change begins to take place without his knowledge. The boy is in the middle of the frame for the r emainder of the movie, making this part the most dramatic of the movie. A decision is being made on the boy's life unknowing to him of it and he is carefree as he plays in the snow (Boghani and McKeever, 2013). Welles’ Citizen Kane feels modern in a way that virtually no other film from the 1940’s does.It separated itself from the rest of the Hollywood pack by attempting to create a new style of filmmaking with its creative use of narration and style. Ironically, Citizen Kane may have broken the Hollywood mold, but it created a new one in its place. While breaking Hollywood conventions, it eventually became the standard, used by many a director, such as Quentin Tarantino, Stanley Kubrik, and Christopher Nolan. However, since the film takes such cinematic leaps, Citizen Kane is will be considered one of the most innovative and advance movies for a long time. Citizen Kane Discuss the ways in which Citizen Kane challenged the traditional narrative and technical elements of classic Hollywood cinema. Give specific examples using appropriate cinematic terminology. Citizen Kane is a 1941 American drama film directed, co-written, produced by, and starring Orson Welles. This was Welles’s first feature film. With this film, Welles introduced many new filmmaking innovations. Some of the innovations were in cinematography, storytelling techniques, and special effects, lighting and framing of a scene.One of the greatest movies of all time was Orson Welles's Citizen Kane. Almost all of the movies of the time were told chronologically and had a beginning, middle, and an end. Citizen Kane was the first movie to tell the audience the end of the movie in the beginning. The movie was mostly told in flashbacks. Unlike traditional Hollywood, Citizen Kane combines non-linear and composite storytelling from multiple points of view, including the famous opening news reels, interviews, and flashbacks, to present the main character (Kstrykers Blog).Traditional Hollywood has very static mise-en-scene with actors and objects mostly in the center of the frame and never out of focus. Objects, characters and props were usually evenly distributed throughout the scene. The lighting was usually three point and split the scene into foreground and background. An innovative technical aspect of Citizen Kane is the unprecedented use of deep focus (Ogle, P. 1985). In nearly every scene in the film, the foreground, background and everything in between are all in sharp focus.Another unorthodox method used in the film was the way low-angle cameras were used to display a point of view facing upwards, showing the ceilings in the background (Toland, G. ). Since movies were primarily filmed on sound stages with the Hollywood studio system, it was impossible to film at an angle that showed ceilings because they shot on stages (Kstryker). Mise-en-scene is used to †Å"signify the director's control over what appears in the film frame† doing this by using elements as settings, lighting, costume, and the movement and actions of figures appearing within the film (Bordwell & Thompson, 2004).One example of this is the scene where he finds out that he lost the race for governor. He is supposed to be a powerful individual and with the camera angle being so low, it made him looked huge on screen. Because of the angle of the camera, the shot has a lot of depth. In my opinion, the most significant and powerful mise-en-scene within Citizen Kane is when the parents are in the house having a conversation with Thatcher, the banker. As the conversation is happening, we see a young boy playing in the snow, through a window.I feel this scene symbolizes the innocence that is being taken from him. He is never depicted this way again in the film. This is when a change begins to take place without his knowledge. The boy is in the middle of the frame for the r emainder of the movie, making this part the most dramatic of the movie. A decision is being made on the boy's life unknowing to him of it and he is carefree as he plays in the snow (Boghani and McKeever, 2013). Welles’ Citizen Kane feels modern in a way that virtually no other film from the 1940’s does.It separated itself from the rest of the Hollywood pack by attempting to create a new style of filmmaking with its creative use of narration and style. Ironically, Citizen Kane may have broken the Hollywood mold, but it created a new one in its place. While breaking Hollywood conventions, it eventually became the standard, used by many a director, such as Quentin Tarantino, Stanley Kubrik, and Christopher Nolan. However, since the film takes such cinematic leaps, Citizen Kane is will be considered one of the most innovative and advance movies for a long time.

Did the Third Reich Experience An Economic Miracle? Essay

Although the economic situation undoubtedly improved in general during the Third Reich, to call this an economic miracle is a drastic overstatement. The German economy made a huge recovery under Nazi rule but this can not be completely credited to Hitler and it must be noted that the economic situation in Germany was beginning to improve before the Nazis came to power. However, when Hitler came to power in 1933, he did inherit a difficult situation. The Great Depression had destroyed the previous regime and 50,000 businesses had gone bankrupt. Whether or not the country was in great crisis is debatable but it was certainly in desperate need of dramatic changes in the economy. Although there were some signs of the beginning of an economic recovery, this was by no means inevitable, and Richard Overy argues that 8 million people were still unemployed and the economy was still in poor shape. Hitler was keen to avoid economic experimentation and simply aimed to consolidate and improve Weimar policies. He continued and enlarged Work Creation programmes from Weimar and this reduced unemployment as well as providing other benefits for workers. By 1936 the average wage was 35 marks per week, ten times more than the dole money which 6 million had been receiving in 1932. The 1933 Enabling Act meant that Hitler had no formal constraints on his power so he was able to extend and more vigorously enforce the schemes from the Weimar government. In avoiding experimentation and purely consolidating old policies, Hitler was cleverly avoiding any risks which may have worsened the situation further. Therefore although this was an intelligent strategy, it indicates that the drastic reduction of unemployment was not miraculous but merely the result of continuing and improving existing ideas and schemes. Another method in which Hitler sought to return Germany to its former prosperity was through careful regulation and absolute control. Wages and prices were controlled to reduce the threat of inflation and Mefo Bills were introduced to help fund increased government spending. The State took over the banking system, which was on the verge of collapse and took control of the capital market. There were high levels of state supervision and intervention. Schacht’s New Plan of 1934 aimed to tackle the problem of trade deficit through the regulation of imports and the control of foreign exchange. Schacht also made a series of bilateral trade agreements to supply raw materials that Germany needed and the New Plan was relatively successful in solving the immediate problem. Therefore Hitler’s economic strategy mainly consisted of expanding the Weimar Work Creation schemes, regulating imports and taking control of the countries economy; the banking system, the capital market, wages and prices. This suggests not a miracle but an economic recovery caused greatly by Hitler’s enhancement of state control. The pre-slump peak of Gross National Product had been exceeded by 1935 and the level of industrial production achieved in 1928 was surpassed by 1936. By 1937 unemployment was down to under one million and by 1939 the German economy had grown 33% above its late 1920s peak. This evidence supports the argument that the German economy made a radical recovery during the Third Reich but can this really be classed as a miracle? Certainly these are impressive statistics and Germany’s economic recovery drew admiration from both home and abroad, but to call this miraculous is an over exaggeration. The economic recovery occurred due to a variety of factors- political stabilization, the continuation of Weimar policies, the New Plan, greater state control and increased government spending. Although there were signs of the beginning of a recovery before the Nazis came to power, there is little reason to believe that Germany would have recovered any more successfully then France if not for these factors, brought about in the Third Reich. Germany’s successful recovery was a result of the way Germany was governed during the Nazi rule. Although many of the Nazis economic controls had been developed under Weimar, Ferguson argues that the success would not have been possible without a radical transformation of the political system. Hitler extended and improved Weimar policies and was able to enforce them more vigorously as he had no formal constraints on his power. Hitler’s strong focus on rearmament however, had a detrimental effect on the country’s economy. Hitler wanted to be ready for war within four years and the excessive pace of rearmament meant that the German economy was overheating. Mason has argued that the economy was under great strain as a result of the emphasis placed on rearmament and autarky- a strategy to make Germany as self-sufficient as possible. Therefore although Germany’s economy did make a significant recovery during the Third Reich, there were also negative aspects to the Nazi regimes economic policies. However despite this, the improvement in Germany’s economy was extremely impressive. This should not be classed as a miracle but rather as an impressive recovery from a grim situation due to the consolidation of Weimar ideas enforced more vigorously with increased government funding and greater state control. The economic recovery was remarkable considering the country’s economic state when Hitler first came to power but ‘miracle’ is too powerful a term. By 1938 the GNP had increased by about 75% which is undoubtedly spectacular but is purely evidence of successful governmental strategies- not a ‘miracle’.

Fourth Amendment Exceptions Summary Essay

The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution requires that no search or seizure shall be carried out unless a warrant has been issued. The exceptions are: searches with consent, frisks, plain feel/plain view, incident to arrest, automobile exceptions, exigent circumstances and open fields, abandoned property and public place exceptions (Harr, Hess, 2006, p. 219). Consent to search any property must be given by t actual owners or, as set forth in the United States v Matlock (1974) by a person in charge of that property. If, for instance more than one person owns a property, only one of those individuals must give consent. There are exceptions to that rule as well. Only commonly shared areas of that property may be searched (Harr,Hess, 2006). Take for instance a family living in an apartment which comprises of a husband, wife and sister to the man. The sister would give consent for common areas, such as the living room, den, kitchen, and bathroom, to be searched and she canno t give consent to allowing the bedroom of the brother and sister in-law to be searched. The husband, on the other hand, could consent to having the bedroom searched because it is there joint bedroom and is not off-limits to him. Other conditions on the searches incident to arrest exception include the use of force, the search of other individuals with the arrested individual, searching the vehicle of an arrest person, contemporaneousness and inventory searches â€Å"if a government agent has probable cause to believe the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of a crime without a warrant† because â€Å"in the time it would take to get a warrant, the car, driver and contraband or evidence could be long gone† (Harr, Hess, 2006. p. 231). The 1981 case of Robbins v. California saw the justifications for searching without a warrant. Those specifications include that the mobility of vehicles produce exigent circumstances.

Why is it important to understand the boundary conditions of any information systems project?

Before data may be automated, it must be evaluated for completeness. Examine the data tables that Kudler Fine Foods maintains for inventory. Resources: Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization, sample pivot table, andMicrosoft ® Excel Pivot Table tutorial Review the sample pivot table, available on the student Web site for this course, and the Microsoft ® Excel Pivot Table tutorial, available at http://office. microsoft. com/training/training. aspx? AssetID=RC010136191033 Access the Inventory Reports data table in the Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization intranet site, located under the Finance and Accounting tab.The table description is located under the Information Technology tab. Prepare a brief of no more than 750 words for Kudler Fine Foods management in which you address the following: Evaluate the design elements of the data tables from an accounting perspective. Create an entity relationship diagram illustrating the existing data tables. Recommend improvements to the data tables. Create a pivot table in Microsoft ® Excel using the general ledger inventory data located on the Kudler Fine Foods intranet. Explain how the information in thepivot table may improve decision making for management at Kudler Fine Foods; include an example from the data.Discuss this week's objectives with your team. Your discussion should include the topics you feel comfortable with, any topics you struggled with, and how the weekly topics relate to application in your field. Prepare a 350- to 1,050-word paper detailing the findings of your discussion. This week’s objectives focuses are on technical skill building with databases and its importance to AISs. Emphasis is placed on the basic concepts, organizing, manipulating, managing data, and finally the construction of database forms and reports using Microsoft Access.The most enlightening aspect of this week’s discussion topic is the importance of data records to a company. Databases can be one of the most im portant structures of a company and often times are irreplaceable. Valuable and sensitive information about a company’s economic and business events is stored in a database management system. The privacy of this information should be guarded at all times against unauthorized access, data loss, and inexperience users. Database records are maintained in a database management system by a database administrator.In order to keep track of data information, a data dictionary is used to document database records. A data dictionary is a â€Å"database that describes the data fields in each database record† (Bagranoff, 2008, p. 413). The data dictionary tracks assigned passwords, restricted users, field names, field size, data field type, etc. Without database oversight, a company’s livelihood is at stake. Bagranoff, N. A. (2008). Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Problem Solving Approach to Patient Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem Solving Approach to Patient Care - Essay Example Jones since it is holistic and is concerned with how disease progress alters the activities of daily living of the patient. Upon applying the RLT model on Mr. Jones, three problems have been identified: eating/ drinking, mobilization, and death and dying. The nursing model will be implemented for the preparation of the nursing care plan since it is not only a holistic mode, it is also flexible, accessible, and hence can be modeled to suit the specific needs of the client. Respect of Mr. Jones and his preference in care and partnership with other health practitioners will be inculcated in this assignment. At the end of the assignment, care accorded to Mr. Jones with the help of the RTP model will be evaluated and a reflection of my nursing management delineated (Agleton & Chalmers, 2000, p. 10). Nursing models overview Nursing models serve as the foundation of nursing activities since they outline the professional interaction that takes place between a nurse and the patient. Prior to the use of nursing models, nursing was anchored on the medical model. According to this model, the patient gets ill as a result of pathology, once the pathology is detected; treatment modalities are channeled towards eliminating the pathology. It was a mechanized form of managing the patient since it did not take into consideration the other aspects of a patient that may be causing the illness; it did not provide holistic care to the patient. Nursing models are not delicate opinions of nurses, but they are the values, knowledge and ideas that nurses inculcate while taking care of the patients. They are developed following years of practice hence enhancing the validity and reliability of nursing models. They act as a guide in the management of patient, and above all, nursing models are patient centered. This is since they inculcate the nature of the individual, the causes of his problems; the diagnosis arrived at as a result of assessment, the interventions, and assessment of interve ntions. It is important to determine the nursing model that will be used in the management of a patient so as to have a guideline that aids in optimal care of the patient (Aggleton & Chalmers, 2000, p. 10). The Roper-Logan-Tierney (RLT) model The nursing model chosen to manage Mr. Jones is the Roper- Logan- Tierney model. This is a nursing model that has also been described as the human needs model or the activities of daily living model. This model was chosen in the management of Mr. Jones since it is a holistic model. This is since it focuses on the 12 activities of living and assessment how the illness has affected these activities hence identifying the cause. Priorities are then arrived out aimed at eliminating the cause and hence restoring the health of the patient. The activities are outlined as maintaining a safe environment, communication, eating/drinking, elimination, controlling temperature of the body, play and work, mobilization, personal hygiene, sexuality, sleeping, an d death and dying of the patient (Roper, Logan, & Tierney, 2000, p. 20). The model is effective in the management of Mr. Jones since it stipulates the factors that may alter the activities of daily living. It inculcates the environmental, psychological, biological, politico economical, sociological, and educational influences on health of an individual. This cuts across Mr. Jones and how various aspect of his life influences his wellness and illness continuum. Consequently, the Roper- Logan-

Literacy in Mulicultural Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Literacy in Mulicultural Society - Essay Example At this stage in life, the child emulates the way the parents and people around communicate to each other through language. It is automatic that a child will take up the language spoken by his mother and thus the popular phrase, mother tongue. According to Ruiz (1984) the following are three ways in which language can be viewed, first as a problem, secondly as right and thirdly as a resource. An individual’s language can either be an advantage or a disadvantage depending on location and people in the vicinity. It has been possible for people to overcome the limitation of speaking only one language. Overcoming the limitation is through learning more than one language, also known as bilingualism. This paper will give a discussion of how language is a problem, a right or a resource in relation to literacy in a local and global, multicultural environment. Language Language is a form of communication organized systematically and, it incorporates the use of symbols and signs. Formal languages contain four components semantics, pragmatics, phonology and morphology (Bochner & Jones, 2004). The following are explanations of how language develops in an infant. The first one is cognitive explanation, which puts emphasis, on the relationship between language and cognition. Secondly, behaviorist explanation stresses that an infant develops language from interaction he has with the environment. Lastly, interactional explanation states that children learn through interacting with family members (Bochner & Jones, 2004). Language as a problem Language is a problem when it discriminates against those who do not speak the same language as the native speakers (Haugen 1987). Minorities have suffered their share of discrimination to the extent of denied their human rights. Individuals, whose language is inferior, have also been considered to be of low class. Immigrants have faced language as a problem in many occasions because of the fact that, they find themselves in a new e nvironment in which the native people who are the majority have their own language. The minority language is a problem to the immigrants since they cannot communicate using their own language is not appreciated or acceptable. It is evident that literacy in a multicultural environment involves using certain languages. In educational institutions, only major languages are used in learning, this means that individuals speaking minority language have to learn the major language which is used during the learning process. It is also important to note that, in major academic fields books have only been published using the main languages, local languages have not been considered in this case. Students, speaking minority language with goals of attending major universities on the global scale have employed the strategy of learning the acceptable languages during their early years of education. This has proved to be advantageous to them since they are no longer limited by a language barrier (M cIntosh, 1998). In many occasions, the issues faced when language is a problem is solved by bilingualism. Bilingualism entails understanding and speaking more than one language. Language as a problem has gone to the extent to which immigrants miss chances for admission in educational institutions. Social injustice in terms of discrimination due to language has seen to it that foreign language speakers miss the benefit of education. Individuals speaking foreign languages come to the point of abandoning their languages

Course work about ( Waste ) for Ecology Coursework

Course work about ( Waste ) for Ecology - Coursework Example natural capability for various environmental elements which absorb and regulate these gasses, to make the world habitable by the different species existing in various ecosystems. The local issues related to waste in UAE include the lack of capacity by the country to identify, and develop projects that can be able to support carbon reduction progress. The other challenge is securing sufficient financing for these projects once they have been developed since the carbon footprint continues to increase (Ahmad, 2015). The 3 R’s can help in protecting the environment through minimising the waste that goes to the environments by application of the processes involved in those processes. These processes also ensure there is a reduction of the usage of materials which generate waste and ultimately reduce the space used for landfills. Hecht, J. (2006). Global warming stretches subtropical boundaries. Science, 312, 1179. Retrieved from

Down the Hatch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Down the Hatch - Essay Example All this made her to remember what happened on the previous day. She and Ingrid her friend was in deep sleep; it was a quirk of fate because nothing can be asleep when the alarms are sounding off. However, it did wake them up because the alarms were a signal that a tornado is in close proximity and not a signal for anything mundane. A possible disaster brings with it a list of things people have to do to save their lives and number one on that list is the flight to a shelter. Hence, acting fast and evacuating all the breathing mortals will save as many lives as possible. That is why both of them ran to the barn but there was no one there, not even the horses although they usually prefer to stay where they are when a disaster strikes them. Only Katrina's dog, Amber, was there; perhaps waiting for her to show up. She didn't want any animal to feel disowned under such circumstances, for she was a caring human being above anything else. Now, she reflected, she had to shelter herself and the other two from the grueling tornado. Katrina let out a peaceful sigh and looks out the window in the living room. She sees no one. Letting her gaze wander towards the sky, she notices that they turn in vivid shades of orange and green just as her eyes fixes on it and the air comes to a standstill. The sheer action seemed like a premonition of some sort. The sinister atmosphere, that resulted, alone was trying to disturb her peaceful and tranquil soul again. An adventure had occurred with Katrina and her girlfriend yesterday; it was surely an intimidating day for her but she had acted in a cool, calm and collective way and had defied all the scariness out of her. The clouds formed a thundering sound and the rain then poured with a renewed energy, Katrina didn't know it was capable of producing. Remembering what to do, Katrina, her girlfriend Ingrid and her dog Amber, took refuge in a strapping shelter situated below that barn's floor. Sited in the barn was a hatch that opened to a safe haven. Katrina and Ingrid were conversing about the vice that tornados seem to bring in the lives. The vice that make a man wonder how God can allow such things to happen to ordinary people out of the blue as they, in their sight, weren't able to do anything extremely dire to evoke the anger in God this bad. They disagreed because Katrina held a firm belief in God and thought of Him as a God and nothing else. It may stir up guilt in her later to think of God in a negative manner. The disparity between their views was mainly due to their different religions. Katrina felt disturbed as she had always tried not to bring up any talk of religions, her or any other's, between them. It only created resentments in such a beautiful relationship. "Once we were late in evacuating all the animals and so lost a couple of horses and since then, Mother tells me we never found their bodies even." Katrina said trying to steer the conversation in a new direction. Thus, they started talking about their favorite animals; Ingrid loved birds but Katrina liked the four-legged creatures better. It was startling just then to observe the discrepancy between the two friends because of the way each of them were responding to the present circumstances. For the reason that where Katrina was a simple Midwestern Christian farm girl; Ingrid was a skittish East Asian Buddhist free willed girl. Tall, lean and wary with a

How does Learning and Employee Development contribute to Essay

How does Learning and Employee Development contribute to organisational success and performance within social care services - Essay Example The most essential component of a learning and development plan as per the respondents’ view are the skills and second most essential learning component required to enhance service delivery quality according to the respondents is that of knowledge. These findings are very positive and reflect a developmental, growth oriented attitude. Trained staff is more competent and can perform better than untrained staff (Garavan, 1997). To attain training there must be motivation among the members and they must be interested in learning and developing in order to benefit from the training programs offered to them. The research study has revealed that all the respondents realize the importance of learning and development training programs and are willing to learn and grow for the betterment of their selves and organization in turn. Garavan (1997) further suggested that a strategically integrated model of Human Resource Development would ensure that the concepts of training, development, e ducation and learning and backed up and embedded in strategic plans, operational plans, policies and work practice. The findings reveal that the respondents are well informed about the importance of all these components of training and therefore it can be safely said that such a plan as suggested by Garavan (1997) can be very feasible for an organization like Loretto Care where chances of its acceptance at the managerial level appear to be quite high. The Scottish government also realizes the importance and need of learning and development based training. This is reflected in the vary requirements the government has set to be considered before admitting an individual to a degree course in social work. The social work training providers are required to make sure that all the students they induct are registered with SSSC within a month, have the basic language skills to benefit from the training they will be provided with and possess a willingness and potential to learn basic effectiv e communication skills and information technology expertise that is required to work effectively and competently in any field of study in today’s world including social work (The Scottish Government, 2006). The second research question attempted to explore the impact of learning and development programs on individual and organizational performance. The responses of the managers have revealed that they believe there is a great impact of learning development programs on individual as well as organizational performance. To identify how exactly this impact is attained, the respondents were further asked to identify the factors that underlay the individual and organizational benefits achieved from learning and development. The highest scoring factors in this respect, based on the questionnaire results turned out to be: career development, motivation and sense of achievement and success. It means that majority of the respondents believe that learning and development programs lead t o enhanced performance by increasing these three factors among the workers. This finding of the current study is in line with those of Hoque & Bacon (2008); Mathieson (2006) and Jones

Critically assess, using examples, the extent to which practice Essay

Critically assess, using examples, the extent to which practice perspectives give a coherent and complete account of the challenges involved with introducing new technologies into organisational settings - Essay Example pective approaches, leaders and managers within an organization can objectively evaluate and understand the depth and breadth of challenges associated with change within a workplace. According to practice perspective, social and cultural contexts play a significant role in influencing actionable practices demonstrated by individuals within a professional environment. Zachary (2012) mentioned that practice perspectives offer an insight into the intricate relationship between individual’s performance patterns, and the individual’s social attributes. For example, introduction of new technologies within an organization invariably presents specific challenges that can be accounted for through practice perspective techniques. In practice perspective, social elements of race, class, age, and gender among other relevant parameters are used to account for observable changes in actionable behaviors. Today, inclusion of social networking applications like Facebook and Twitter in an organization’s computers is helpful in facilitating online interactions between a company’s staff, customers, and other stakeholders. However, new technological tools like social network platforms can cause considerable challenges like distraction of employees at work. Actually, time spent by employees on friendly chats through social network sites can substantially compromise on productivity. According to Zachary (2012), young employees below 30 years are highly likely to spend more time on social networks compared to old workers above 35 years. On the other hand, productivity of female employees is minimally affected because they can easily multitask; hence they can still perform their duties effectively while at the same time using social network sites compared to their male counterparts. As aforementioned, practice perspective offers insight into the influential role of social parame ters like age and gender on individuals’ actionable performances. In this regard, challenges

Managerial EconomicsWeek 4 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial EconomicsWeek 4 Individual Work - Assignment Example The U.S. dollar is a strong currency compared to other currencies. However, America is in trade deficits in international money markets. A clear short term trend in the U.S. dollar is that it rose some 14 percent in relation to the euro and even more to the Japanese yen. However, towards the Chinese renminbi the U.S. dollar decreased. The decrease was after the increase in the dollar rate by the Chinese central bank The main factors affecting dollar/euro exchange rates include relative real interest rate, the relative price, the relative fiscal position, and Percentage product prices. The euro/dollar exchange rate also asymmetrically responds to macroeconomic news and other factors in the economy. However, predicting the euro/dollar exchange rate may seem very hard due to lack of precise models and other unexpected events that work within the economy. There are also other fundamental and non-fundamental factors that affect the euro/ dollar exchange rates in global markets. Trade deficits and job market significantly affect the euro/dollar exchange rates. Increasing trade deficits coupled with a weak job market may lead to the strengthening of the euro. In contrast, the U.S. Dollar may weaken. Political factors such as world security also affect euro/dollar exchange rates. Factors such as war and fears of terrorism and war and accounting issues in the U.S. resulted to reduced strength of the U.S . dollar. Factors that led to a decrease in power of the U.S. dollar make the euro stronger. However, in most cases, euro/dollar exchange rates patterns are usually nonlinear in nature. Therefore, market forces pull back the exchange rate to PPP equilibrium Currency exchange rates are important factors that affect operations of the export markets. Operating in export markets becomes more difficult given the fact that it is very difficult to predict the future of the worldwide currency market. Factors related to supply and

Comparison between The Tell-tale Heart Essay Example for Free

Comparison between The Tell-tale Heart Essay The Tell-Tale Heart was written by Edgar Allan Poe in 1843. Famous for his scary novels Poes most famous work was the short story, The Tell-Tale Heart which depicts an anonymous narrator as he carries out his plan to murder a helpless old man. Misery was written by Stephen King in 1987 and it follows a similar theme of horror/thriller with similar characters in similar positions. King tells the story of a renowned author as he gets captured and tortured by a woman. Both of these stories use different techniques through their plot, language and punctuation but they have much the same effect on the reader. In both stories, one of the underlying techniques for building up suspense is hidden inside a well thought out and structured plot. In Misery, the narrative switches back and forth between Paul the author, and his kidnapper, who is known only as Annie. This creates the main source of suspense in the story building it up by showing where each character is, what theyre doing and how close theyre getting to each other. What adds to this suspense is the effect of hearing Pauls thoughts directly. Even though the extract is written in third person, a fraction of the text is written in italics and it represents Pauls thoughts. The writer does this for several reasons. To show things from Pauls point of view and what he is thinking at the time in more detail , but also to underline how worried and panicked he is as things start to go wrong. By hearing Pauls thoughts directly the reader gets to understand how fearful Paul is of getting caught. Also concealed between the lines of the plot is the way the writer stresses the high stakes of what Paul was doing and what will happen to him if hes caught. Right at the beginning of the extract, Paul compares what is happening to him, to his past childhood experience. Through this comparison, the writer introduces the possible idea of Paul getting caught and what will happen to him if he is. The flashback takes the reader back to when Paul had been twelve and decided to try some of his mothers cigarettes. As the room filled with smoke, his mum returned in search for her forgotten purse. We are not told about what his mother did to him when she caught him, but you can guess from the words It will be more than a spanking this time that it was going to be bad. This tells us that if he is caught by Annie in present day he would have to face terrible consequences. Paul compares these to situations because in both hes attempting something and trying not to get caught. In the flashback he does get caught, giving a sense of foreboding to the rest of the story, making the reader think he might get caught again. The high stakes are also shown throughout the extract in Pauls actions and thoughts. His desperation in his attempts to get back into the room and lock the door and his attention to detail show how scared he is of getting caught, because of what he thinks will happen to him if he is. Oh Jesus Christ, did you chip the paint, did you leave a track. His thoughts also scream fear and anxiety in the way punctuation like question marks, exclamation marks and pauses are used. did she hear that? She must have must have heard that! These things are used very effectively as Paul stumbles upon problem upon problem as he attempts to return to the living room after failing to escape from his prison. He must leave everything the way it was to avoid suspicion from Annie, his kidnapper. However his luck doesnt seem to be doing him any favours whilst Annie pulls up the driveway. His first problem was getting into the living room; the wheelchair was a very tight fit. On his first go he crashed into the side, The wheelchair thumped against the right side of the doorway and bounced back a little. His reaction to this was one of great terror and panic, Did you chip the pain? His mind screamed at him. On his second try he got jammed in the doorway and wouldnt budge. The amount of effort he put in getting through shows the reader how scared he was of the cost of getting caught. The muscles in his arms quivering like overturned violin strings. The other problem that he encounters is made clear to the reader, as Paul tries to close the door of living room. The door must be closed and locked in order to leave everything the way it was before Annie left it and avoid suspicion. However whilst pushing the lock back with his thumb he meets an obstruction. Through panicked deduction he realizes the bobby pin he had originally used to unlock the door was stuck in the keyhole, stopping the lock from going back inside. These events contribute greatly to the suspense of the extract by giving Paul more chance of getting caught and keeping the story thrilling and fast-paced. In terms of pace I think that in Misery, as Paul encounters several problems on his return to the room, the story is more fast-paced and exciting than The Tell-Tale Heart. In comparison with Misery, The Tell-Tale Heart is extremely slow and unhurried because as it is first person the narrator is describing everything in full detail and all his thoughts at the time. Plus most of the murder involved waiting. At the end of the extract Paul overcomes all his problems but as he sat in his wheelchair awaiting the untimely arrival of Annie, he looks down and realises that the box of Novrils is still in his lap. The box of Novrils was still in his lap. This final sentence in its simplistic form puts an end to Pauls series of unfortunate events in a great climax of suspense. The sentence is short and straightforward, leaving the reader to work out what will happen for themselves. There was no way Paul could do anything with the box without being seen because Annie was just on the other side of the living room door. If she found him with the Novrils (which were fictional painkillers) she would be able to guess what he was doing whilst she was out and he would have to pay the dire consequences of his actions. From the extract, the way Paul was reacting to every detail of the room, you would fear the worst for his life. The sentence finishes the extract with an ominous feeling for what will happen to Paul when discovered, leaving the story with a suspenseful cliff-hanger. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the way the plot builds up tension lies solely with the narrator and the way he recounts the story of how he killed an old man. The narrator starts the story by trying to convince and persuade the reader that he is indeed sane and not mad. This in itself is mysterious; what had he done that needed persuasion on others behalf to credit as sane. The narrator then introduces the idea of a murder by first establishing the motive behind the crime. The narrator states that he killed the old man (the victim) whom he loved, on the basis that he had and eye that resembled that of a vulture. I think it was his eye! Yes it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture-a pale blue eye with a film over it The motive is ridiculous and in no way should it inspire an act of murder. By first introducing the idea of a murder through the murderers motive, the writer allows the reader to make up their opinion on the sanity of the narrator at the beginning of the story whilst enticing the readers imagination leaving them wondering what else this madman will do. So already the reader would have a set opinion on the narrator, and the narrators behaviour throughout the rest of the short story would do nothing but solidify their suspicions of a troubled individual who is mentally ill. This is not only because he/she is constantly trying to prove their genius thinking behind the murder, but also because they believe that this genius and cunning must surely grant them their sanity. Would a madman have been as wise as this? At the end of the story the narrator (lulled into a false sense of security by his soon to be short-lived success) permits the entry of several policeman into the very room where he had committed the murder, after they came knocking to investigate a mysterious noise heard by one of the neighbours. Not only does he let them sit in the room, but also on the very floorboards where the cut up parts of the dead body lay hidden beneath. Though this just maybe a sign of over-confidence, it is bordering on madness and another reason for the reader to doubt the judgment of the narrator. If all this strange behaviour isnt enough to chill the reader, then the murderer hallucinating should be. His guilty conscious gets the better of him and he thinks he can hear the imaginary beating of the stopped heart of the dead old man. The narrator succumbs to the noise by confessing to the clueless police sitting in front of him, that he had killed the old man who had lived here. Villains! I shrieked, Dissemble me no more! I admit the deed! -tear up the planks! -here, here! it is the beating of his hideous heart! The narrators insane behaviour throughout the story adds to the horror atmosphere of the text. As a final sentence, I would say that Misery ended better than The Tell-Tale Heart in terms of suspense, because it leaves more unexplained questions in readers mind. This is probably because Misery is an extract and still in the middle of its story, and The Tell-Tale Heart finishes with its last line. As an ending I do believe that the final sentence of The Tell-Tale Heart is satisfying as it gives the reader the bare minimum information for the reader to deduce what happens to the murderer after he confesses instead of just saying that he was arrested and went to prison. After analysing both plots, overall I think that the plot of the Misery extract builds up tension better than The Tell-Tale Heart solely on the belief that it is its faster-paced therefore much more exciting. The effect of the chosen narrative for The Tell Tale Heart, which is first person and from the narrators point of view, lets the reader into his/her mind and see their motives and thinking behind an atrocious crime. First person is perfect for The Tell Tale Heart because looking into the murderers mind is exactly what the reader needs to get a proper grasp of the plot. The disadvantages however, are you do not get to find out the gender of the murder because its all I did this and I did that. Also you dont find out what the old man is feeling or what he is thinking. For Misery however third person is used and that also suits the story quite well. This way youre aware of both Paul and Annies actions at the same time. If it was first person and from Pauls point of view, since Paul couldnt have known exactly where Annie was and what she was doing and how close she was, the reader would be clueless and the main way the plot builds up tension would be gone. If it was from Pauls point of view, the focus of the narrative will no longer switch between Paul and Annie, therefore eliminating one of the ways the plot creates a gripping atmosphere and seriously lowering the suspense levels. The disadvantages of third person are made up for by being able to see Pauls thoughts directly. Other than the plot, language is the main source of suspense used to create the atmosphere of the two texts. In Misery, the writer has chosen to use individually effective words that remind the reader of death whilst describing something that is completely unrelated. Phrases such as stopped dead and inside the guts of the lock and Wasnt it enough she killed the phone? In all these occasions, the writer couldve used simple, non-death associated words, but instead he used the words dead, guts and killed. All these words inspire the thought of death in the readers brain, and although it is not directly mentioned it subconsciously arouses the idea of Pauls death in the readers mind. This adds to the overall horror and suspense of the extract. In The Tell-Tale Heart individual words are also used to set the mood of the text but in a different way. Instead of death-connected words, the writer has used long and soft sounding words to slow the pace of the story and calm the mood. I undid the lantern cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously The use of the word cautiously, which is a long and soothing word, slows the pace of the story down and set s a calm atmosphere. In terms of adding suspense to the text, I believe that Miserys use of death-related words is more effective. In that sentence, the other thing that calms the mood is the use of repetition. As the narrator repeats the word cautiously, it emphasizes the fact the narrator was cautious and it shows the narrators arrogance in their actions. However repetition is used for other purposes throughout the short story. It grew quicker and quicker, and louder and louder every instant . . . It grew louder I say, louder every moment This phrase contains a lot of repetition as the narrator is trying to stress how quick and loud the beating heart was. The repetition also allows the writer to show how agitated the narrator is getting, because of the fact it was getting quicker and louder, but also because he thinks that the reader doesnt believe him. A clear sign of insanity. In Misery repetition is used for similar reasons, but instead of agitation its to show the characters desperation, in phrases like Caught! Im caught! Please God, no God; dont let her hurt me God and Come on . . . Come on . . . Come on. In the first quote the repetition of the word God shows that hes really desperate and has started to pray to God to help him. The second quote is similar as he is repeating the words come on as he gets more and more distressed. In misery what are also used to emphasize a point are superlatives like in the grip of the greatest terror he had ever known. This superlative highlights how bad the experience was for Paul. I believe that The Tell-Tale Hearts use of repetition is more effective than Misery because not only does it build up suspense but also it shows signs of madness in the narrators behaviour which does not occur in Misery. This helps the plot on the whole build up tension. There is a great variety of long and short sentences in both stories. In both pieces of text short sentences are used to slow the pace of the text down. In the Tell Tale Heart it shows that the narrator is calm and unrushed. But even yet I refrained and kept the lantern still. I scarcely breathed. I held the lantern motionless. However, in misery short sentences are used to emphasize whats happening in the sentence. It was her. This sentence just highlights the fact that it was Annie pulling up the driveway, and it makes the reader think about the consequences of these events. Although both are successful in creating suspense, I believe that Misery is more effective. Long sentences are usually used to keep the story going and build up the suspense. In Misery however, long sentences also show that Paul is panicked and rushed. He sat in his chair, eyes half -closed, hoping madly that he had gotten the chair back where it had been(or at least close enough to it so she wouldnt notice), hoping that she would take his drenched face and quivering body simply as reactions to missing his medication, hoping most of all that he hadnt left a track. This humungous sentence shows how worried Paul is of getting caught and its a great way to build the suspense because it allows no pauses. In The Tell-Tale Heart, long sentences arent used as effectively to build up suspense. In both pieces of text, there is a lot of punctuation used effectively to add horror and tension. The Tell-Tale Heart is first person and from the narrators point of view, so exclamation marks and capitals are used for his thoughts when he is angry and or shocked. They heard! -they suspected! -they KNEW! -they were making a mockery of his horror! The exclamation marks and capitals are emphasizing his thoughts, showing his rage and disbelief, whilst the dashes allow no pause and add suspense as he moves from one revelation to another. In other occasions, exclamations are used to show the narrators surprise and wonder at his own brilliance and ingenuity. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! The Misery extract however, contained only a couple of exclamations, used only to show that Annie was shouting to Paul in the living room so they were less effective than ones in The Tell Tale Heart. In The Tell-Tale Heart, because the narrator is recounting a story, it is almost as if he is having a conversation with the reader. At the beginning of the story, the narrator begins by asking numerous questions on whether or not the reader believed he was mad or not. How then am I mad? The effect of these questions and question marks makes the reader feel as if he had contradicted the narrator in some way and the narrator was having an argument with them. This is a good way to show the madness of the narrator from right at the start of the story. Question marks are also used in Misery however for different reasons. Phrases such as did you chip the paint? and did you leave a track? are used as another way to show Pauls desperation but also to show his own uncertainty as he starts to panic. For these reasons I believe the use of question marks is better in Misery than in The Tell-Tale Heart. Another aspect of the punctuation in Misery is the use of pauses. Come on . . . come on . . . come on and Never . . . never in time . . . Shell hear are two good examples of where the writer has used pauses to give a sense of desperation and anxiety to Pauls thoughts. To conclude this essay, I would have to say that the extract from Misery by Stephen King is more effective than The Tell-Tale Heart in the way it creates an atmosphere of horror and suspense. It does this by using and expert blend of individually effectual words, well structured plot, effective narrative, well thought out and carefully placed punctuation, and a wide range of long and short sentences. Although The Tell Tale Heart does contain most of the techniques stated above, one thing I think Misery does better, and what makes it the better piece of text, is hidden inside its suspenseful plot line where Paul is constantly in a state of desperation and anxiety and in almost immediate danger. This I think is lacking in The Tell-Tale Heart, the sense of immediate danger, and is what makes the extract from Misery the perfect horror/suspense text.